FLINTKNAPPING WORKSHOP ESEN-2 IN THE LIGHT OF NEW TECHNICAL AND TYPOLOGICAL STUDIES
Abstract
The article is devoted to new technical and typological studies of materials from the Esen—2 flint-flintknapping
workshop, located on the southwestern outskirts of one of the depressions of the Ustyurt plateau - Barsa-
Kelmes. The site was discovered and studied by V. A. Vinogradov and E. Bijanov in 1977. About 200 stone
artifacts were collected here. But there is still no unanimity among specialists on their cultural and chronological
reference. One of the authors (E. Bijanov) dated the monument to the Late Acheulean or Early Mousterian, the
other (A. V. Vinogradov) assigned its materials to the end of the Middle or the beginning of the Late Paleolithic.
The authors interpreted in different ways the bifaces, which are the main stone products found in the workshop,
such as bifaces-tips or axes. However, the production of these bifaces for use as a knife cannot be ruled out.
There is no consensus on the functional significance of the site. In publications for Esen—2, terms such as
settlement, settlement-workshop or workshop are used, although experts note that the workshop is focused
on the production of bifaces. Based on the modem research methods, a technical and typological study of
materials from the site of Esen-2 was carried out, resolving the above-mentioned interpretative disagreements,
which determined the main goal and objectives of this study.
About the Authors
List of references
FOYDALANILGAN AD ABIYOTL AR:
Алпысбаев X А. Находки нижнего палеолита в Южном Казахстане // ТИИАЭ АН КазССР. АлмаАта: изд-во АН КазССР, 1959. Т. 7. С. 39-48.
Алпысбаев X. А. Открытие нижнего палеолита в Казахстане. «Вестник Академии наук Казахской ССР», № 5. Алма-Ата. 1960. С. 138-145.
Баратов П., Маматкулов М., Рафщов А. Урта Осиёнинг табиий географияси. Тошкент: “Укитувчи”. 2002. 440 б.
Бижанов Е. Находки памятников палеолита на юго-восточном Устюрте // Вестник КК ФАН Узб. ССР. № з. Нукус. 1979. С. 68-72.
Бижанов Е. Палеолит Устюрта // Вестник КК ФАН УзбССР. № 1. 1988. С. 68-71.
Виноградов А. В. Древние охотники и рыболовы среднеазиатского междуречья // Труды Хорезмской археолого-этнографической экспедиции. Т. 13. / Отв. ред. М. А. Итина. М.: Наука, 1981. 172 с.
Виноградов А. В., Бижанов Е. Б. Первые палеолитические находки с юго-восточного Устюрта. Археологические открытия 1977 года / Отв. ред. Б. А. Рыбаков. М.: Наука, 1978. С. 522-523.
Касымов М. Р. Кремнеобрабатывающие мастерские и шахты каменного века Средней Азии / Отв. ред. Н. М. Сальмыкова. Ташкент: ФАН, 1972. 160 с.
Касымов М. Р., Крижевская Л. Я. О классификации кремнеобрабатывающих мастерских // СА. № 1. М.: Наука, 1969. С. 265-268.
Любин В. 77. К вопросу о методики изучения нижнепалеолитических каменных орудий // Палеолит и неолит СССР. Т. 5 / МИА №131/ Отв. ред. П. И. Борисовский. М:, Л:. АН СССР, 1965. С. 55-56.
Медоев А. Г. Ареалы палеолитических культур Сары-Арка. // По следам древних культур Казахстана / Отв. ред. М. К. Кадырбаев Алма-Ата: Наука, 1970. 204 с.
Сайфуллаев Б. К,. Урта Зарафшон вохаси тош даври маданиятлари (Зирабулок топилмажойи материаллари асосида). Самарканд. СамДУ нашриёти, 2022. Б. 385-392.
Pelegrin J. Approche technologique experimentale de la mise m forme de nucleus pour le debitage sistematique par pression. In prehistoire de la pierre taille, 2. Economie de debitage laminaire: technologie et 6xperimentation. Ill table ronde de technologie lithique. Meudon-Belleue, octobre Paris 1982. P. 105-116.
Pelegrin J. Sur une recherchev technique experimentale des techniques de debitage laminaire et quelques resultats // Archeologique experimental. T. 2. La terre. L‘os et la pierre; la maison et les champs. Actes du Colloque International «Experimentation en archeologie: bilan et perspectives» (Acrcheodrome de Beaune; 6-9 avril 1988). Paris, 1991. P. 81.
REFERENCES:
Alpysbaev H. A. 1959. Nakhodki nizhnegopaleolita v Yuzhnom Kazakhstane (Lower Paleolithicfinds in South Kazakhstan). In TIIAE AN KazSSR (WIHAE AS KazSSR (Works of the Institute ofHistory, Archeology and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazak SSR). No 7. Alma-Ata, 39 (In Russian).
Alpysbaev H. A. 1960. Otkrytie nizhnego paleolita v Kazakhstane (Discovery of the Lower Paleolithic in Kazakhstan). In Vestnik Akademii NaukKazahskoj SSR. No 5. Alma-Ata, 138. (In Russian).
Baratov P., Mamatkulov М., Rafiqov A. 2002. О ‘rta Osiyoning tabiij geogrqfiyasi (Natural geography of Central Asia). Toshkent, 440. (In Uzbek).
Bizhanov E. 1979. Nakhodki pamyatnikov paleolita na yugo-vostochnom Ustyurte (Findings of Paleolithic Sites in the South-Eastern Ustyurt). In Vestnik KFAN UzbSSR (Bulletin Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR). No 3. Nukus, 68—77. (In Russian).
Bizhanov E. 1988. Paleolit Ustyurta (Paleolithic of Ustyurt). In Vestnik KFAN UzbSSR (Bulletin Karakalpak Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR). Issue 1.68. (In Russian) Vinogradov A. V. 1981 .In M. A. Itina (ed.). Drevnie okhotniki i rybolovy sredneaziatskogo mezhdurech ’ya (Ancient hunters andfishermen of the Central Asian interfluve). In Trudy Khorezmskoj arkheologo-ehtnograficheskoj ehkspeditsii (Proceedings of the Khorezm Archaeological and Ethnographic Expedition). No 13. Moscow, 172. (In Russian).
Vinogradov A. V., Bizhanov E. B. 1978. Pervyepaleoliticheskie nakhodki s yugo-vostochnogo Ustyurta. Arkheologicheskie otkrytiya 1977 goda (The first Paleolithic finds from southeastern Ustyurt) AO — Arkheologicheskie otkrytiya (Archaeological discovery). Moscow, 522. (In Russian).
Kasymov M. R. 1972. In N. M. Sal’mykova (ed.). Kremneobrabatyvayushhie masterskie i shakhty kamennogo veka Srednej Azii (Flint-working workshops and mines of the Stone Age of Central Asia). Toshkent. 37. (In Russian).
Kasymov M. R., Krizhevskaya L.Y. 1969. О klassifikatsii kremneobrabatyvayushhikh masterskikh (On the classification of flint workshops). In Sovetskaya arkheologiya (Soviet archeology). No 1. Moscow, 265—268. (In Russian).
Lyubin V. P. 1965. In P. I. Borisovskij (ed.). К voprosu о metodiki izucheniya nizhnepaleoliticheskikh kamennykh orudij (On the question of the methodology for studying the Lower Paleolithic stone tools). Paleolit i neolit SSSR. T. 5. In MIA - Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii SSSR (Materials and research on archeology of the USSR). No 131 Moscow, 55—56. (In Russian).
Medoev A. G. 1970. Arealy paleoliticheskikh kul’tur Sary-Arka (Areas of Paleolithic cultures of SaryArka) Po sledam drevnih kul’tur Kazahstana (In the footsteps of the ancient cultures of Kazakhstan). Alma-Ata. 204. (In Russian).
Sajfullaev B. Q. 2022. О ‘rta Zarafshon vohasi tosh davri madaniyatlari (Middle Zarafshan Oasis Stone Age Cultures) (Zirabuloq topilmajoy materiallari asosida) (based on Zirabulok site materials). Samarqand: SamDU (SamSU - Samarkand state university), 385. (In Uzbek).
Pelegrin J. 1982. Approche technologique experimentale de la mise rn forme de nucleus pour le debitage sistematique par pression. In prehistoire de la pierre taille, 2. Economie de debitage laminaire: technologie et experimentation. Ill- e table ronde de technologie lithique. (Experimental technological approach to shaping cores for systematic debitage by pressure. In prehistory of freestone, 2. Economy of laminar
cutting: technology and experimentation. III-th round table of lithic technology) Meudon-Belleue, octobre Paris. P. 105-116. (in French).
Pelegrin J. 1991. Sur une recherchev technique experimentale des techniques de debitage laminaire et quelques resultats. Archeologique experimental. T.2. La terre. L ’os et la pierre; la maison et les champs.
Actes du Colloque International «Experimentation en archeologie: bilan etperspectives» (Un experimental
technical research on laminar debitage techniques and some results. Archeologique experimental. T.2. Earth.
Bone and Stone; the house and the fields. Proceedings of the International Colloquium «Experimentation
in Archaeology: Assessment and Perspectives») (Acrcheodrome de Beaune; 6-9 avril 1988). Paris. P. 81.
(in French).
How to Cite
Copyright (c) 2024 O‘ZBEKISTON ARXEOLOGIYASI
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.