HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND SPIRITUAL LIFE OF THE KALTAMINOR COMMUNITIES

Abstract

This article is devoted to the historical reconstruction of the socio-economic and spiritual life of Celteminar
communities based on settlements and burial materials. It examines a range of archaeological sites investigated
by S. P. Tolstov, A. V. Vinogradov, and others, including Dzhanbas 4, Kavat 7, the Tolstov site, Uchchi 131,
Lavlyakan 26, and Darbozakir 1 and 2, as well as Neolithic burial materials from the Tomek-Kichikjik graves,
the Tolstov site burial, and the Koskajol Neolithic burial in southeastern Ustyurt studied by E. Bizhanov and
members of the Khorezm archaeological expedition. In the article, dwellings are considered as key structural
elements that reflect the lifestyle of past populations. The information obtained from these sites serves as a
primary source for reconstructing aspects of the historical period, including the principles of tribal organization,
construction techniques, building materials, architectural features, family and marital structures, and religious
beliefs. Funerary materials are treated as primary evidence for reconstructing social relations, material and
spiritual culture, worldviews of the Neolithic era, social stratification, spiritual life, beliefs associated with burial
rites, artistic traditions, and anthropological types that allow to trace cultural connections. Additionally, the article
introduces new materials into scientific circulation, specifically those related to the second and third houses at
the Tolstov site.