SOPOLLI MADANIYATI TO‘G‘NOG‘ICHLARI TIPOLOGIYASI
Referat
XX asrning 70-yillarida bronza davriga oid (mil. avv. 2200–1300-yy.), Shimoliy Baqtriya hududida shakllangan
Sopolli madaniyati tarixiy va arxeologik tadqiqotlar yo‘nalishida ilmiy o‘rganilgan manbalar asosida fanga
kiritildi. Sopolli madaniyati aholisi dehqonchilik va chorvachilikdan tashqari hunarmandchilik sohasida ham
nihoyatda mohir hisoblangan. Hunarmandchilik turlari (kulolchilik, binokorlik, temirchilik va h.k.) orasida
zargarlik sohasi o‘zining noyob tur va shakllari bilan ayniqsa ajralib turgan. Sopolli madaniyati yodgorliklaridan
topilgan zargarlik buyumlarining asosini tashkil etuvchi to‘g‘nog‘ichlar Markaziy Osiyo aholisining bronza
davri madaniyatini yoritishda muhim moddiy manba bo‘lib, ular bronza davri aholisining turmush tarzini,
madaniyatini, san’atini, hamda urf-odatlarini o‘zida mujassam etgan. O‘rganilgan madaniyatning Sopollitepa,
Jarqo‘ton, Mo‘lalitepa, Bo‘ston VI, VII, Tillabuloq yodgorliklaridan boshqa taqinchoq turlari (sirg‘a, diadema,
munchoq, marjon, shokila, tumor, uzuk va bilaguzuk) kabi to‘g‘nog‘ichlar ham topilgan bo‘lib, ularni tipologik
tahlil qilish ularning mohiyatini chuqurroq o‘rganishga va analogiyasini ishlab chiqishda yordam beradi. Ushbu
maqolada Sopolli madaniyati yodgorliklaridan aniqlangan bosh uchun mo‘ljallangan taqinchoqlar sinfiga
kiruchi 140 dan ortiq to‘g‘nog‘ichlar bosh qismining yasalish shakliga ko‘ra tip, guruh va sinflarga ajratilgan.
Mualliflar haqida
Adabiyotlar ro'yxati
Masson V. M. 1981. Altyn-Depe (Altyn-Depe). In Trudy Yuzhno-Turkmenistanskoy arkheologicheskoy kom
pleksnoy ekspeditsii (ProceedIngs of the South Turkmenistan Archaeological Integrated Expedition).
Vol. 18. Leningrad: Nauka Publ., 176. (In Russian).
Mejtarchiyan M. B. 1984. In Shirinov T. Sh. (ed.). Amulet ehpokhi bronzy s poseleniya Dzharkutan (Bronze
Age amulet from the settlement of Dzharkutan). In Istoriia material’noi kul’tury Uzbekistana (History
of Material Culture of Uzbekistan). Issue 9. Tashkent: Fan Publ., 41–45.
Miroshnikov L. I. 1992. In Dani A. H., Masson V. M. (eds.). History of Civilization of Central Asia. The
dawn of civilization: earliest times to 700 B.C. Paris, 477–480. (In English).
Mustafakulov S. I., Sarm’ento B. Kh., Khasanov M., Lyuil’e Zh., Sarmento D. 2009. Otchet o provedenii
polevykh issledovaniy na pamyatnike epokhy bronzy Dzharkutane 2008 god (Report on the fi eld re
search at the Bronze Age site Jarkutan In 2008). Samarkand, Archive of the Institute of Archaeology
of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences. F. 5. Inv. 1. D. 224 (In Russian).
Mustafokulov S., Bendezu-Sarm’ento Kh. 2009. Rezul’taty arkheo-antropologicheskikh rabot na Dzhar
kutane (Results of archaeo-anthropological work on Dzharkutan). In Arkheologicheskie issledovaniya
v Uzbekistane (Archeological researches in Uzbekistan). 6. Tashkent: Institute of Archaeology of the
Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Publ., 175–186. (In Russian).
Mustafakulov S. I., Sarm’ento B. Kh., Khasanov M., Rakhmonov U., Lyuil’e Zh., Lyuno E., Suer Zh.,
Zhan-Klod Lizher., Molez D., Kervan M. 2010. Otchet o provedenii polevykh issledovaniy na pamyat
nike epokhy bronzy Dzharkutane 2009 God (Report on the fi eld research at the Bronze Age site Jar
kutan in 2009). Samarkand. Archive of the Institute of Archaeology of the Uzbekistan Academy of
Sciences. F. 5. D. 225. Op. 1. (In Russian).
Mustafokulov S., Bendezu-Sarm’ento Kh., Rakhmonov U., Khasanov M., Lyuil’e Zh., Lyune E. 2012.
In Berdimurodov, A. E. (ed.). In Arkheologicheskie issledovaniya v Uzbekistane (Archeological re
searches In Uzbekistan). Issue 10. Samarkand: Institute of Archaeology of the Uzbekistan Academy of
Sciences Publ., 203–213. (In Russian).
Mustafakulov S. I., Sarm’ento Kh. B., Rakhmonov U., Iskanderova A., Rakhimov K., Lyuil’e Zh., Kervan
M., Sarm’ento D. 2013. Otchet o provedenii polevykh issledovaniy na pamyatnike epokhy bronzy Dz
harkutane 2012 godu. Otchet Uzbeksko-Frantsuzskoy mezhdunarodnoy arkheologicheskoy ekspeditsii
(UzFMAE) za 2012 god (Report on the fi eld research at the Bronze Age site Jarkutan In 2012. Report
of the Uzbek-French International archaeological expedition (UzFIAE) for 2012). Samarkand, Archive
of the Institute of Archaeology of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences. F. 5. D. 226. (In Russian).
Mustafokulov S., Bendezu-Sarm’ento Kh., Rakhmonov U., Lyuil’e Zh., Iskanderova A., Rakhimov K.,
Kervan M., Sarm’ento D. 2013. Rezul’taty rabot na pamyatnike Dzharkutan v 2012 (Results of work on
the Djarkutan monument in 2012). In Arkheologicheskie issledovaniya v Uzbekistane (Archeological
researches In Uzbekistan). Issue 9. Samarkand: Institute of Archaeology of the Uzbekistan Academy
of Sciences Publ., 137–144. (In Russian).
Mustafoкulov S., Bendezu-Sarm’ento Kh., Rakhmonov U., Lyuil’e Zh., Rakhimov K., Dyupon A. 2016. In
Berdimurodov A. E. (ed.). Arkheologicheskie issledovaniya na Dzharkutane v 2013 g. (Archaeological
research in Dzharkutan in 2013). In Arkheologicheskie issledovaniya v Uzbekistane (Archeological
researches In Uzbekistan). Issue 10. Samarkand: Institute of Archaeology of the Uzbekistan Academy
of Sciences Publ., 267–274. (In Russian).
Roshal’ V. M. 2008. Entsiklopediya simvolov (Encyclopedia of Symbols). Moscow: Eksmo Publ., 1007. (In
Russian).
Ruzanov V. D. 2013. Metalloobrabotka na yuge Sredney Azii v epokhu bronzy (Metal-workIng In the South
of the Central Asia in the Bronze Age). Samarkand: Institute of Archaeology of the Uzbekistan Acade
my of Sciences, 347. (In Russian).
Sadikova S. A. 2021. Istoriya zarozhdeniya i sovershenstvovaniya vyazal’nogo dela tadzhikov (IV tysyache
letie do n.e. – pervaya polovIna XX v.) (History of the origin and development of the knitting craft of
the Tajiks (IV millennium BC – the fi rst half of the XX century). PhD Thesis. Dushanbe (In Russian).
Sagdullaev A. S., Abdullaev U. I., Matyaqubov Kh. Kh., Shajdullaev A. Sh., Togaev Zh. Eh. 2019. Bronza
va ilk temir davri yodgorliklarining geografiyasi va kartografiyasi (Bronza va ilk temir davri yodgor
liklarining geografiyasi va kartografiyasi). Toshkent: Turon-Iqbol Publ., 272.– 60
Sarianidi V. I. 1977. Drevnie zemledel’tsy Afganistana. Materialy Sovetsko-Afganskoy ekspeditsii 1969
gg. (Ancient agriculturalists of Afghanistan. Materials of the Soviet–Afghan expedition 1969
. Moscow: Nauka Publ., 172. (In Russian).
Sarianidi V. I. 1990. Drevnosti strany Margush (Antiquity of Margush country). Ashkhabad: Ylym Publ.,
(In Russian).
Sarianidi V. I. 2007. Necropolis of Gonur. In Inna Sarianidi (transl.). Athens, Κapon Editions Publ., 331 (In
English).
Sarianidi V. I., Dubova, N. A., Samurskiy, K. S. 2020. Treasures of ancient Margiana. Photoalbum. Mos
cow, 180. (In English).
Shaydullaev A. Sh. 2016. Sopolli madaniyati gliptikasida inson obrazi (Sopolli madaniyati gliptikasida
Inson obrazi). In O‘zbekiston arkheologiyasi (Uzbekiston arkheologiyasi). 1 (12). Samarqand, Publ.,
–98. (In Uzbek).
Shaydullaev A. Sh. 2017. Sopolli madaniyati gliptikasi va sfragistikasi (Glyptics and sphragistics of the
Sapalli culture). PhD Diss. Toshkent (In Uzbek).
Shaydullaev A. Sh. Sopolli madaniyati gliptikasida geometrik tasvirlar (Geometric images in the glyptics
of the Sopolli culture). O‘zbekiston arkheologiyasi (Uzbekiston arkheologiyasi).1 (14). Samarqand,
Publ., 43–50. (In Uzbek).
Shaydullaev A.Sh. 2013. Sopolli madaniyati muhr-tamgalari tipologiyasi (Sopolli madaniyati muhr-tam
galari tipologiyasi). In Uzbekiston tarikhining dolzarb muammolari yosh tadqiqotchilar talqinida
(Current problems of the history of Uzbekistan as interpreted by young researchers). Samarqand,
Publ., 26–34. (In Uzbek).
Shaydullaev Sh., Khuff D., Toyfer M. 1996. Otchet Sherabadskogo otryada za 1996 god (Uzbeksko-Ger
manskaya Baktriyskaya ekspeditsiya) (Report of the Sherobod detachment for 1996 (Uzbek–German
Bactrian expedition). Samarkand. Archive of the Institute of Archaeology of the Uzbekistan Academy
of Sciences. F. 5. D. 161 (In Russian).
Sherrow, V. 2006. Encyclopedia of hair: a cultural history. London: Greenwood publishing group, 1–11.
(In English).
Stančo L., Shaydullaev Sh., Bendezu Sarmiento J., Pažout A., Vondrova H. 2014. Kayrit Burial Site (South
Uzbekistan): Preliminary Report for Season 2014. Studia Hercynia XVIII/1–2. Рubl., 37. (In English).
Stančo L., Shaydullaev Sh., Bendezu-Sarmiento J., Lhuillier J., Kysela J., Shaydullaev A., Khamidov O.,
Havlík J., Tlustá J. 2016. PrelimInary Report on the Excavations at Burgut Kurgan in 2015. Studia
Hercynia XX/2. Рubl., 86–111. (In English).
Sverchkov L. M., Boroffka N. 2015. Materialy poseleniya ehpokhi pozdnej bronzy Molali. In O‘zbekiston
arkheologiyasi (Uzbekiston arkheologiyasi). Issue 10, № 1. Samarkand, 75–88. (In Russian).
Sverchkov L., Boroffka N., Lyune E., Rakhmanov U. V. 2013. Otchet Baysunskoy arkheologicheskoy ek
speditsii o raskopkakh poseleniya Molali v Altynsayskom rayone Surkhandar’inskoy oblasti v 2012
godu (Report of the Baysun archaeological expedition on the excavations of the Molali settlement in
Oltinsoy district of Surxondaryo region in 2012). Tashkent. Archive of the Institute of Archaeology of
the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences. (In Russian).
Vinogradova N. M. 2020. In Lyonnet B., Dubova N. A. (eds.). The World of the Oxus Civilization (1st ed.).
Routledge-London Pub., 635–664. (In English).
Xamidov O. A., Kattayeva G. Ch. 2024. Oks sivilizatsiyasi bo‘yicha 2023-yilda nashr etilgan yangi tad
qiqotlar: 2-qism (“Arxeologiya Yevraziyskix stepey” jurnali misolida) (New research published in 2023
on the Oxus civilization: Part 2 (in the journal “Archaeology of the Eurasian Steppe”). In O‘zMU xabar
lari (Bulletin from the National University of Uzbekistan). 1/3/1. Toshkent, 55–57.
O‘zbek tilining izohli lug‘ati. 2020. 3-zhild. Toshkent: O‘zbekiston millij entsiklopediyasi Publ., 687. (In
Uzbek).
O‘zbek tilining izohli lug‘ati. 2008. 4-zhild. Toshkent: O‘zbekiston millij ehntsiklopediyasi Publ., 606. (In
Uzbek).
O‘zbekiston millij ehntsiklopediyasi. 2005. Vol. 5. Toshkent: O‘zbekiston millij ehntsiklopediyasi Publ. (In
Uzbek). (In Uzbek).
